Unconventional oil and gas extraction consumes considerable amounts of water, with up to 6M gallons of freshwater used per well. Water needs can be met by treating produced water from these operations, but it is rarely practiced. A major barrier is the cost and availability of energy for treatment. Without solving this challenge, produced water will continue to be disposed into injection wells, wasting the potential to reduce freshwater consumption. This study evaluates the feasibility of using waste heat to power produced water treatment at the site of oil and gas extraction, which promises to lower both transportation and energy costs. To overcome the temporal and spatial mismatch between waste heat availability and produced water generation, different energy storage materials and heat capture and utilization strategies were evaluated with thermally driven membrane distillation and compared to deep well disposal. A range of latent, sensible, and thermochemical storage materials were assessed for the capture of waste heat from onsite hydraulic fracturing engines and natural gas compressor stations located in the Denver-Julesburg basin. The results show that thermochemical storage with magnesium sulfate and calcium sulfate were the best storage materials due to their elevated reaction temperature (>90°C), which reduces the energy required to treat. In addition, these materials have high volumetric energy storage density, which enables capture and transportation of waste heat from remote locations to the well site. This approach yields a potential 50% reduction in transportation costs relative to moving the produced water to a centralized treatment facility.